τρέφω

τρέφω, Il.5.52, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] τράφω (v. sub voce); [ per.] 1sg. opt.

A

τρέφοιν E.Fr.903

: [tense] fut.

θρέψω h.Ven.257

, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἔθρεψα, [dialect] Ep.

θρέψα Il.2.548

: [tense] aor. 2 ἔτρᾰφον (v. infr. B): [tense] pf. τέτροφα intr., Od.23.237, ([etym.] συν-) Hp.Morb.Sacr. 11; but trans., S.OC186 (lyr.); also

τέτρᾰφα Plb.12.25h

.5:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. θρέψομαι in pass. sense, Hp.Genit.9, Nat.Puer. 23, Th.7.49, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἐθρεψάμην Pi.O.6.46

, A.Ch.928, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. τρᾰφήσομαι Ps.-D.60.32, D.H.8.41, etc., but in early writers in med. form θρέψομαι (v. supr.): [tense] aor. 1 ἐθρέφθην, [dialect] Ep.

θρέφθη Hes.Th. 198

, rare in Trag. and [dialect] Att., E.Hec.351, 600, Pl.Plt.310a;

ἐθράφθη IG12(9).286

(Eretria, vi B. C.): [tense] aor. 2 ἐτράφην [pron. full] [ᾰ] Hom. (sed v. infr. B), A.Th.754 (lyr.), Ar.Av.335 (lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἔτραφεν, τράφεν, Il.23.348, 1.251: [tense] pf.

τέθραμμαι Hp.Nat.Hom.5

, E.Heracl.578, etc.; [ per.] 2pl.

τέθραφθε Pl.Lg.625a

(but συντέτραφθε [s. v. l.] in X.Cyr.6.4.14); inf.

τεθράφθαι Pl.Grg.525a

, X.HG2.3.24 (in both with v. l. τετρ-).

I thicken or congeal a liquid, γάλα θρέψαι curdle it, Od.9.246; τρέφε ([tense] impf.)

πίονατυρόν Theoc.25.106

:—[voice] Pass., with [tense] pf.[voice] Act. τέτροφα, curdle, congeal,

γάλα τρεφόμενον τυρὸν ἐργάζεσθαι Ael.NA16.32

;

περὶ χροΐ τέτροφεν ἅλμη Od.23.237

.

II usu., cause to grow or increase, bring up, rear, esp. of children bred and brought up in a house,

ὅ σ' ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα Il.8.283

;

ἥ μ' ἔτεχ', ἥ μ' ἔθρεψε Od.2.131

, cf. 12.134;

εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδ' ἀτίταλλεν Il.16.191

, cf. Od.19.354;

ἐγώ σ' ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω A.Ch.908

, cf. Supp.894;

μέχρι ἥβης τ. Th.2.46

;

γεννᾶν καὶ τ. Pl.Plt.274a

;

τ. τε καὶ αὔξειν μέγαν Id.R.565c

: c. acc. cogn., τ. τινὰ τροφήν τινα bring up in a certain way, Hdt.2.2; also

τῶν πρώτων μαθημάτων, ἐν οἷς οἱ παλαιοὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔτρεφον Gal.16.691

:—[voice] Med., rear for oneself,

θρέψαιό τε φαίδιμον υἱόν Od.19.368

;

αὐτὸν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες Pi.O.6.46

;

τεκοῦσα τόνδ' ὄφιν ἐθρεψάμην A.Ch.928

;

οἱ γεννήσαντες καὶ θρεψάμενοι Pl.Lg.717c

;

τεκὼν ἀρετὴν καὶ θ. Id.Smp.212a

;

ἔτεκον μὲν ὑμᾶς πολεμίοις δ' ἐθρεψάμην ὕβρισμα E.HF458

:—[voice] Pass., to be reared, grow up,

ὅς μοι τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ Il.9.143

;

τῇ ὁμοῦ ἐτρεφόμην Od.15.365

;

ἅμα τράφεν ἠδ' ἐγένοντο Il.1.251

, etc.; κάρτιστοι τράφεν ἀνδρῶν grew up the strongest men, ib.266:—prop. a boy was called τρεφόμενος only so long as he remained in the charge of the women, i. e. till his fifth year, Hdt.1.136; ἐξ ὅτου 'τράφην ἐγώ from the time when I left the nursery, Ar.Av.322; but even of pre-natal growth,

ἐν σκότοισινηδύος τεθραμμένη A.Eu.665

, cf. Th.754 (lyr.):—generally, in Trag.,

τραφεὶς μητρὸς εὐγενοῦς ἄπο S.Aj.1229

; ὅπως πατρὸς δείξεις οἷος ἐξ οἵου τράφης ib.557;

κρατίστου πατρὸς . . τραφείς Id.Ph.3

: παῖδες μητέρων τεθραμμέναι true nurslings of your mothers, implying a reproach for unmanliness (s. v.l.), A.Th.792; μιᾶς τρέφει πρὸς νυκτός art nursed by night alone, i. e. art blind, S.OT 374.

2 of slaves, cattle, dogs and the like , rear and keep them,

κύνας Il.22.69

, Od.14.22, etc.;

ἵππους Il.2.766

; λέοντος ἶνιν (v. σίνις) A.Ag.717 (lyr.);

μῆλα Id.Eu.946

(lyr.);

ὄφιν S.Fr.226

(cj. for στρέφουσι)

; ἰκτῖνα Ar. Fr.628

;

ὄρτυγας Eup.214

;

ὄρνιθας Pl.Tht.197c

; οἱ τρέφοντες (sc. τοὺς ἐλέφαντας) the keepers, Arist.HA571b33;

τ. παιδαγωγούς Aeschin.1.187

; also

τ. γυναῖκα E.IA749

; τ. [ἑταίραν], [πόρνας], keep . . , Antiph. 2, Diph. 87; ὁ τρέφων one's master, Nicol.Com.1.11,36: metaph., αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει he keeps a sea-beach in the house, Ar.V.110:—[voice] Pass., to be bred, reared,

δοῦλος οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλ' οἴκοι τραφείς S.OT1123

; ἐν τῇ σῇ οἰκίᾳ γέγονεν καὶ τέθραπται was born and bred, Pl.Men.85e; Ἀγαθῖνον θρεμένον (i. e. τεθρεμμένον, = θρεπτόν, v. θρεπτός 1)

ἑαυτῶν MAMA4.275

B (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.); Νείκην τὴν θρεμένην μου ib.276 A (Dionysopolis, ii A. D.).

3 tend, cherish, τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον, of Calypso, Od.5.135, cf. 7.256; of plants, Il.17.53;

θρέψασα φυτὸν ὥς 18.57

, cf. Od.14.175.

4 of parts of the body, let grow, cherish, foster,

χαίτην . . Σπερχειῷ τρέφε Il.23.142

;

τῷ θεῷ [πλόκαμον] τ. E.Ba.494

;

ὑπήνην ἄκουρον τ. Ar.V.476

(lyr.); τ. κόμην, = κομᾶν, Hdt.1.82;

[τρίχες] πολλῷ ἐλαίῳ τραφεῖσαι Hero Bel.112

: also τά θ' ὕεσσι τρέφει ἀλοιφήν things which put fat on swine, Od.13.410;

τεθραμμένη εἰς πολυσαρκίαν X.Mem.2.1.22

.

5 in Poets, of earth and sea, breed, produce, teem with,

οὐδὲν ἀκιδνότερον γαῖα τ. ἀνθρώποιο Od.18.130

;

ἄγρια, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη Il.5.52

;

φάρμακα, ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών 11.741

;

ὅσ' ἤπειρος . . τρέφει ἠδὲ θάλασσα Hes.Th.582

;

πολλὰ γᾶ τρέφει δεινά A.Ch.585

(lyr.), cf. 128, E.Hec.1181;

θάλασσα . . τρέφουσα πορφύρας ἰσάργυρον κηκῖδα A.Ag.959

; ὃν πόντος τ., i. e. the sailors, Pi.I.1.48: rare in Prose,

ἀεί τι ἡ Αιβύη τρέφει καινόν Arist. GA746b8

.

6 in Poets also, simply, have within oneself, contain,

ὅ τι καὶ πόλις τέτροφεν ἄφιλον S.OC186

(lyr.), cf. Tr.817; τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχαιτέραν to keep his tongue more quiet, Id.Ant.1089;

ἡ γλῶσσα τὸν θυμὸν δεινὸν τ. Id.Aj.1124

;

τἀληθὲς γὰρ ἰσχῦον τρέφω Id.OT 356

(so in Pl.,

τ. ἰσχυρὸν τὸ ἐλεινόν R.606b

);

τ. νόσον S. Ph.795

;

ἐκ φόβου φόβον τ. Id.Tr.28

;

ἄταν Id.Aj.644

(lyr.); οἵας λατρείας . . τρέφει what services . . she has as her lot, ib.503; ἐν ἐλπίσιν τρέφω . . ἥξειν I cherish hopes that . . , Id.Ant.897; τὸν Καδμογενῆ τρέφει . . βιότου πολύπονον [πέλαγος] is his daily lot, Id.Tr.117 (lyr., but Reiske's cj. στρέφει is prob.);

πόνοι τρέφοντες βροτούς E.Hipp.367

(lyr.).

III maintain, support,

τ. ἀνδρὸς μόχθος ἡμένας ἔσω A.Ch.921

, cf. Pi.O.9.106;

τοῦ τρέφοντος Ἡλίου χθονὸς φύσιν A.Ag.633

;

τ. τὸν πατέρα Aeschin.1.13

;

τὴν οἰκίαν ὅλην D.59.67

;

οὐ δίκαιον τρέφεσθαι ὑπὸ πατρὸς ὑὸν ἡβῶντα Pl.R.568e

;

τὰ κτήνη χιλῷ ἐτρέφοντο X.An.4.5.25

; γάλακτι, τυρῷ, κρέασι τ., Id.Mem. 4.3.10; σίτῳ, ὄψῳ, Id.Lac.1.3; feed a patient, Gal.15.503, 19.185; provide the food for an employee, σοῦ τρέφοντος αὐτόν, ἐμοῦ δὲ ἱματίζοντος

αὐτόν BGU1647.14

(ii A. D.); also

τ. ἀπό τινος Pl.Prt.313c

, X.HG2.1.1;

ἔκ τινος A.Ag.1479

(lyr.), cf. Pl.R.372b.

2 maintain an army or fleet, Th.4.83, X.An.1.1.9 ([voice] Pass.);

τ. τὰς ναῦς Th. 8.44

, X.HG1.5.5, 5.1.24; τ. τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων ib.4.8.9;

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν τρέφεσθαι Id.An.7.4.11

, etc.

3 of land, feed, maintain one,

τρέφει γὰρ οὗτος [ὁ ἀγρὸς] . . με Philem.98.2

, cf. Men.63,466, al.

4 of women, feed or suckle an infant,

συνεξομοιοῦται τὰ τρεφόμενα ταῖς τρεφούσαις Sor.1.88

; γυνὴ τρέφουσα ib.87; ἡ τρέφουσα, = ἡ τροφός, Gal.6.44.

5 of food, nourish,

τὰ Ἡρακλεωτικὰ τρέφει οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀμυγδάλοις Diocl.Fr.126

, cf. 117;

ἡ οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως τῷ σώματι διδομένη τροφὴ οὐ τρέφει Sor.1.49

;

πυρῶν . . ὅσοι κοῦφοι . . ἧττον τρέφουσι Gal.Vict.Att 6

;

τὸ δέρμα πᾶν αὐτοῖς ὡς ἂν ὑπὸ φλεγματ ώδους αἵματος τρεφόμενον οἰδαλέον γίνεται Id.18(2).118

, cf. 106.

IV bring up, rear, educate, Hes.Fr.19, Pi.N.3.53, etc.;

τῷ λόγῳ τ. καὶ παιδεύεις Pl.R.534d

;

θρέψαι καὶ παιδεῦσαι D.59.18

;

Δήμητερ ἡ θρέψασα τὴν ἐμὴν φρένα A.Fr.479

; ἡ θρέψασα (sc. γῆ) the motherland, Lycurg. 47:—[voice] Med.,

ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤθεσιν Pl.Lg.695e

; ἡ θρεψαμένη one's motherland, Lycurg.85:—[voice] Pass., ὀρθῶς, εὖ τραφῆναι, Pl. R.401e, Alc.1.120e; παιδείᾳ, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ παιδείᾳ τ., Id.Lg.695c, X. Cyn.1.16;

ἐν πολυτρόποις ξυμφοραῖς Th.2.44

;

ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Pl.Tht. 172c

;

ἐν χλιδῇ X.Cyr.4.5.54

;

ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ Pl.Tht.175d

, Mx.239a;

ἐν ἄλλοις νόμοις Arist.Pol.1327a14

;

ἐν φωνῇ βαρβάρῳ Pl.Prt.341c

;

πάσαις Μούσαισι BCH50.444

(Thespiae, iv A. D.).

V the [voice] Pass. sts. came to mean little more than to be, ἐπ' ἐμοὶ πολέμιον ἐτράφη (sc. τὸ γένος) Ar.Av.335 (lyr.), cf. Th.141, S.OC805.

B Hom. uses an intr. [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act. ἔτραφον in pass. sense (which is to τρέφομαι, τέτροφα (intr.) as ἔδρακον to δέρκομαι, δέδορκα, etc.),

ὃς . . ἔτραφ' ἄριστος Il.21.279

;

λέοντε ἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρί 5.555

; τραφέμεν ([dialect] Ep. for τραφεῖν) 7.199, Od.3.28, al.; ἐπεὶ τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ, i. e. when he was well-grown, Il.2.661:—as trans. the [tense] aor. 2 is used by Hom. only in Il.23.90, and τράφε in Pi.N.3.53 is [dialect] Dor. [tense] impf.:—ἐτράφην is perh. post-Homeric; [ per.] 3sg. τράφη is v. l. in Il.2.661, [ per.] 1pl. ἐτράφημεν and [ per.] 1sg. ἐτράφην ([etym.] περ) vv. ll. in 23.84; τράφη is in all codd. of 3.201, 11.222, which should prob. be emended from 2.661; [ per.] 3pl.

ἔτραφεν 23.348

(v.l. ἔτραφον), Od.10.417 (v.l. ἔτραφον) ; τράφεν in all codd. of Il.1.251, 266, Od.14.201, also (with v. l. τράφον) in 4.723: the vox nihili ἐτράφεμεν, found in Il.23.84 as cited by Aeschin.1.149, was emended by Scaliger to ἐτράφομεν:—the redupl. [ per.] 3sg.

τέτραφ' Il.21.279

, [ per.] 3pl.

τέτραφεν 23.348

, are ff. ll., though found in many codd. Later this [tense] aor. became obsolete, except in [dialect] Ep. imitators, as in Call.Jov.55, Opp.H.1.774.